GMIG's Appropriations Law Refresher training provides learners with a working knowledge of the principles and purposes of appropriations law. GMIG’s instructors present practical and theoretical information using a blend of lectures, case studies, and participatory class exercises. Student participation in class exercises ensures they master the analytical framework for addressing real-world appropriations issues. The course topics cover purpose, amount, and time issues involved in federal appropriations, including the necessary expense doctrine, the bona Fide needs rule, and the Anti-Deficiency Act. This course covers the key elements in the body of case law Commonly called the "Red Book." Recent updates in the law are reviewed as part of the training provided.